Working distance of40x objective

Wang, Weibo, Chao Wang, Jian Liu, and Jiubin Tan. 2016. "Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint" Sensors 16, no. 11: 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111886

Working distance ofhigh power objective

Wang W, Wang C, Liu J, Tan J. Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint. Sensors. 2016; 16(11):1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111886

The working distance can then be determined. For example, if the front lens has a focal length of f=200, the object will not focus at less than 200 mm working distance. In addition, using a 300 mm instrument would not be advised.

Working distance of10X objective

Abstract: We present an approach for an initial configuration design based on obscuration constraint and on-axis Taylor series expansion to realize the design of long working distance microscope (numerical aperture (NA) = 0.13 and working distance (WD) = 525 mm) with a low obscuration aspherical Schwarzschild objective in wide-spectrum imaging (λ = 400–900 nm). Experiments of the testing on the resolution target and inspection on United States Air Force (USAF) resolution chart and a line charge-coupled device (CCD) (pixel size of 14 μm × 56 μm) with different wavelength light sources (λ = 480 nm, 550 nm, 660 nm, 850 nm) were implemented to verify the validity of the proposed method. Keywords: wide-spectrum microscope; aspherical Schwarzschild objective; low obscuration; long working distance

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Working distance of4x objective

Wang W, Wang C, Liu J, Tan J. Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint. Sensors. 2016; 16(11):1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111886

Also, remember that with increased focal length (working distance), more of the objective will be in view. This is called Field of View (magnification aspect discussed later).

Working distance ofoil immersion objective

Focal length and working distance are critical. You need enough space under your microscope to accommodate your instruments. Surgical microscope focal lengths vary in two types: fixed focus and variable focus.

The “Front Lens” of the microscope is the convergent (double convex) lens. The focal length is the distance between the front lens and the object at F. Usually, it is imprinted with f=xxx on the lens’ bezel.

Working distance microscopedefinition

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The focal length is variable for neurosurgical, spine, and ENT procedures. For example, the objective lens combination can be configured so the focal length is from f=200 to f=450. So, any object within f=200 to f=450 will be in focus. Plus, any object outside f=200 to f=450 will never be in focus. The minimum working distance from the surgical site objective is 200 mm. So, if an instrument is 300 mm long, you would not want the microscope in the 300 to 450 mm range.

Fixed focal length convergent lenses, usually f=175 or f=200, are used for ophthalmic procedures. Some operating microscopes for ENT procedures may also use a fixed front lens.

Working distance microscope4x

Wang, Weibo, Chao Wang, Jian Liu, and Jiubin Tan. 2016. "Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint" Sensors 16, no. 11: 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111886

Wang, W.; Wang, C.; Liu, J.; Tan, J. Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint. Sensors 2016, 16, 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111886

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Wang, W.; Wang, C.; Liu, J.; Tan, J. Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint. Sensors 2016, 16, 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111886

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.